INTRODUCTION
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the key technology in many of today’s novel applications, ranging from banking systems that detect attempted credit card fraud, to telephone systems that understand speech, to software systems that notice when you are having Problems and offer appropriate advice. These technologies would not exist today without the sustained federal support of fundamental AI research over the past three decades.
Artificial Intelligence is the part of computer science concerned with designing intelligent computer systems, that is, computer systems that exhibit the characteristics we associate with intelligence in human behaviour understanding language, learning, reasoning and solving problems.
Definitions of AI
Artificial Intelligence is the study of how to make computers do things which at the moment people do better. This is ephemeral as it refers to the current state of computer science and it excludes a major area of problems that cannot be solved well either by computers or by people at the moment.
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Artificial Intelligence is the branch of computer science that is concerned with the automation of intelligent behaviour. Artificial Intelligence is based upon the principles of computer science namely data structures used in knowledge representation, the algorithms needed to apply that Knowledge and the languages and Programming techniques used in their implementation.
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Artificial Intelligence is a field of study that encompasses computational techniques for performing tasks that apparently require intelligence when performed by humans.
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Artificial Intelligence is about generating representations and Procedures that automatically solve problems which can be solved by humans.
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Artificial Intelligence is the part of computer science concerned with designing intelligent computer systems, that is, computer systems that exhibit the characteristics we associate with intelligence in human behaviour understanding language, learning, reasoning and solving problems.
Some other definitions of Artificial Intelligence according to different authors are given below. These definitions are categorized into four categories. The four categories are,
Systems That Think Like Humans
- Bellman, 1978, “[The automation of] activities that we associate with human thinking, Activities such as decision making, problem solving, learning”
- Haugeland, 1985, “The exciting new effort to make computers think... machines with minds, in the full and literal sense”.
Systems That Think Rationally
- Charniak and McDermott, 1985, “The study of mental faculties through the use of computational models”.
- Winston, 1992, “The study of computations that make it possible to perceive, reason, and act”.
Systems That Act Like Humans
- Kurzweil, 1990, “The art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people”.
- Rich and Knight, 1991, “The study of how to make computers do things at which, at the moment, people are better”.
Systems That Act Rationally
- Luger and Stubblefield, 1993, “The branch of computer science that is concerned with automation of intelligent behaviour”.
- Schalkoff, 1990, “A field of study that seeks to explain and emulate intelligent behaviour in terms of computational processes”.
