Common Mechanisms of UML

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UML Common Mechanisms Rules
The UML has a number of rules that specify what a well-formed model should look like.
The UML rules for Names, Scope, Visibility, Integrity and Execution.
Common Mechanisms
It can be classified in to:
Specifications
Adornments
Common Divisions
Extensibility Mechanisms
Specifications:
Specification provides a textual statement describing interesting aspects of a system
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Adornments 
  • Textual/graphical items added to the basic notation of an element
  • They are used for explicit visual representation of those aspects of an element that are beyond the most important
Examples: The basic notation of association is line, but this could be adorned with additional details, such as the role names and multiplicity of each end
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Similarly, a class notation may highlight most important aspects of a class, i.e., name, attributes and operations. To show access specifies for the attributes and methods of a class adornments such as +, -, # are used.
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Common Divisions:
  • In modeling, object-oriented systems get divided in multiple ways.
  • For example, class vs. object, interface vs. implementation
  • An object uses the same symbol as its class with its name underlined

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Extensibility Mechanisms
Extensibility mechanisms allow extending the language in controlled ways. They include Sterotypes, Tagged Values and Constraints
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Extensibility mechanisms can be classified in to
Stereotypes
Tagged Values
Constraints
Stereotypes
  • Stereotypes are used to create new building blocks from existing blocks
  • New building blocks are domain-specific
  • Stereotypes are used to extend the vocabulary of a system
  • Graphically represented as a name enclosed by guillemets (« »)
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Tagged Values 
  • Tagged values are used to add to the information of the element (not of its instances)
  • Stereotypes help to create new building blocks, whereas tagged values help to create new attributes
  • These are commonly used to specify information relevant to code generation, configuration management and so on
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Constraints 
  • Constraints are used to create rules for the model
  • Rules that impact the behavior of the model, and specify conditions that must be met
  • Can apply to any element in the model, i.e., attributes of a class, relationship
  • Graphically represented as a string enclosed by braces {....} and placed near the associated elements or connected to that elements by dependency relationships
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Architecture
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