Trends of a
Distributed System
How is the requirement of Distributed System evolved?
What are the influential trends responsible for this paradigm shift?
Emergence of pervasive
networking technologies
Emergence of Ubiquitous
computing supporting mobility
Growing demand
for multimedia services
Computing as an
utility
Pervasive networking & the Modern Internet
Mobile & Ubiquitous Computing
Distributed Multimedia Systems
Distributed Computing as a Utility
Pervasive networking &
the Modern Internet
Modern Internet
The modern internet is a vast interconnected collected of computer
networks with many different types, with the range of types increasing all the
time. For instance a wide range of wireless communication technologies such as
wifi, wimax, Bluetooth and third generation mobile phone networks
The net result is that networking has become a pervasive resource
and device can be connected (if desired) at any time and in any place
A backbone is a network link with a high transmission capacity,
employing satellite connections, fibre optic cables and other high bandwidth
circuits
Inter connecting varied range of computer networks
Mobile & Ubiquitous
Computing
Ubiquitous computing
Ubiquitous computing is the harnessing of many small, cheap
computational devices that are present in users physical environments,
including the home, office and even natural settings. The term ‘ubiquitous’ is
intended to suggest that small computing devices will eventually become so
pervasive in everyday objects that they are scarcely noticed. That is, their
computational behavior will be transparently and intimately ties up with their
physical function.
Device miniaturization and wireless networking led to the
integration of portable computing devices into distributed systems
Devices like laptops, PDA’s, smart phones, tablets, wearable
devices, embedded devices
Ubiquitous computing includes the need to deal with variable
connectivity and indeed disconnection
Distributed Multimedia
Systems
Distributed multimedia systems
Teleconferencing
Distance
learning
Cellular phone systems
IP Telephony
Webcasting is the ability to broadcast continuous media, typically
audio or video, over the internet.
It is now commonplace for major sporting or music events to be
broadcast in this way, often attracting large numbers of viewers (for example,
the live8 concert in 2005 attracted around 170000 simultaneous users at its
peak).
Distributed Computing as
Utility
Why computing resources shouldn’t be delivered as a utility
Similar to how we use electricity & water, as and when needed?
Example:
Computing
requirements like
Configured
environment with custom requirements of user
Cloud computing is used to showcase as a utility
Cluster computers provide a range of cloud services
Grid computing is also a form of cloud computing primarily focused
towards support for scientific applications
Cloud Computing:
A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network
access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers,
storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisional and
released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction
Cluster computing:
A set of interconnected computers that cooperated closely provide a
single, integrated high performance computing capability
Focus on Resource Sharing
Sharing Printers, files was very helpful
In the earlier slide we have introduced sharing of compute, storage
& network abilities
To book a Tatkal ticket, users must share the common reservation
database
It’s all about reliability and Consistency
WWW, Email, Networked printers are example of Distribute Systems.
Not all, but often, resource sharing is achieved using Client Server
models
A complete interaction between a client and a server, from the point
when the client sends its request to when it receives the server’s response, is
called a Remote invocation.
Computer supported
Cooperative Working (CSCW):
A group of users who cooperated directly share resources such as
documents in a small, closed group
